How is the structure of arteries characterized?

The structure of arteries is characterized by a thick layer of muscle and elastic fibers. This design allows arteries to withstand and regulate the high pressure at which blood is pumped from the heart. The thick muscular layer enables arteries to contract and expand, thus helping to maintain blood pressure and flow throughout the circulatory system. Additionally, the presence of elastic fibers gives arteries the ability to stretch in response to the surge of blood with each heartbeat and then recoil, which is crucial for maintaining continuous blood flow.

The other options do not accurately describe the structure of arteries. For instance, a thin outer wall and wide inner lumen would not provide the necessary strength and resilience needed for arteries to handle high blood pressure. Similarly, stating that arteries have a thin inner tube/lumen overlooks the significant importance of their muscular and elastic components. The description of a one-cell thick layer of endothelium is more representative of capillaries, which are designed for nutrient and gas exchange, rather than the thick-walled construction required for arteries.