What distinguishes totipotent cells?

Totipotent cells are unique in their ability to give rise to all cell types in an organism, including both the embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues needed for full development, such as the placenta. This remarkable capability means that a single totipotent cell has the potential to develop into a complete organism. This characteristic sets totipotent cells apart from pluripotent cells, which can develop into nearly all cell types but cannot form the extra-embryonic tissues.

In contrast, specialized cells are limited in their functions and cannot transform into any other cell types, highlighting the versatility and foundational significance of totipotent cells in the early stages of development. Additionally, the inability to develop into a new organism pertains to other cell types that are not totipotent, thereby reinforcing the distinct nature of totipotent cells. The notion that they are always identical to other cells misrepresents their unique developmental potential, as totipotent cells can differentiate into numerous specialized cell types, emphasizing their role in the blueprint of life's diversity.