What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

The primary function of mitochondria in cells is to generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions. This energy is produced in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through a process known as cellular respiration, which includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport. Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they convert nutrients into energy, making it available for various cellular functions.

The unique structure of mitochondria, which includes an inner membrane with numerous folds called cristae, enhances their ability to produce ATP efficiently. These adaptations allow mitochondria to create a large surface area for the biochemical reactions required for energy production. Without the energy generated by mitochondria, cells would not be able to carry out essential processes such as growth, division, and maintenance, ultimately affecting the organism's overall function.

The other choices reflect different cellular functions. For example, storing genetic information is primarily the role of the nucleus, the synthesis of proteins occurs chiefly in ribosomes, which can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, and the transport of substances across the cell membrane is managed by various proteins and transport mechanisms