What is the proposed use of embryonic stem cells in treating type 1 diabetes?

The proposed use of embryonic stem cells in treating type 1 diabetes revolves around their potential to differentiate into pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for the production and secretion of insulin. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys these pancreatic beta cells, leading to insufficient insulin production and difficulties in regulating blood glucose levels.

Embryonic stem cells have the unique ability to develop into any cell type in the body, including those needed for insulin production. By guiding the differentiation of these stem cells into functional pancreatic beta cells, researchers hope to create a sustainable source of insulin-secreting cells that can be transplanted into individuals with type 1 diabetes, potentially restoring their ability to produce insulin and effectively manage their blood sugar levels.

This approach holds promise because it addresses the underlying cause of type 1 diabetes—loss of insulin production—rather than just managing symptoms through insulin therapy, which is currently the primary treatment.